Thursday, November 10, 2011
Major depression;
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Depression can be described as feeling sad, blue, unhappy, miserable, or down in landfills. Most of us feel this way at one time or another for short periods.True clinical depression is a mood disorder in which feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or frustration interfere with everyday life of several weeks or more.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
The exact cause of depression is not known. Many researchers believe it is caused by chemical changes in the brain. This may be due to a problem with your genes, or triggered by certain stressful events. Most likely a
combination of both.
Some types of depression run in families. But depression can also occur if you do not have a family history of disease. Anyone can develop depression, up to the children.
They can participate in the depression:
• Abuse of alcohol or drugs
• Some medical conditions, including thyroid cancer, or prolonged pain
• Some medications such as steroids
• Sleep problems
• stressful life events, such as:
• Break a boyfriend or girlfriend
• In the absence of a class
• Death or illness of someone close to you
• Divorce
• Child abuse or neglect
• Loss of jobs
• Social isolation (common in the elderly)
Symptoms
Depression can change or distort the perception of himself, his life and those around you.
People with depression typically see everything with a more negative attitude, unable to imagine that any problem or situation can be resolved in a positive way.
Symptoms of depression may include:
• agitation, restlessness, irritability,
• A radical change in appetite, often with weight gain or loss
• Very difficult to concentrate
• Fatigue and weakness
• Feelings of hopelessness and helplessness
• Feelings of worthlessness, self-hatred and guilt
• becoming withdrawn or isolated
• Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed
• Thoughts of death or suicide
• Trouble sleeping or excessive sleeping
Depression can show anger and depression, and feelings of sadness.
If depression is severe, it can also be psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.
Signs and tests
Your health care provider will be questions on medical history and symptoms. Your answers and some questionairres can help the doctor make a diagnosis of depression and how it can be difficult.
Blood tests and urine tests may be performed to rule out other diseases and symptoms similar to depression.
Treatment
In general, treatments for depression:
• medicines known as antidepressants
• talk therapy, psychotherapy called
If you have mild depression, you only need one of these treatments. People with more severe depression usually require a combination therapy. It takes time to feel better, but there are usually daily improvements.
If you are suicidal or extremely depressed and can not work it can be treated in a psychiatric hospital.
Depression Medication
Drugs used to treat depression are called antidepressants. Antidepressants most common include:
• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil), fluvoxamine (Luvox), citalopram (Celexa) and escitalopram (Lexapro).
• norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), venlafaxine (Effexor) and duloxetine (Cymbalta).
Other medications used to treat depression include:
• tricyclic antidepressants
• Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
• The use of monoamine oxidase
If you have delusions or hallucinations, the doctor may prescribe additional medications.
WARNING: Children, adolescents and young adults should be watched closely for suicidal behavior, particularly in the first months after starting the drug.
If you do not get better with antidepressants and psychotherapy, you can have treatment-resistant depression. The doctor will often prescribe a higher dose (still is) an antidepressant or a combination of drugs. Supplements to lithium and thyroid may also be added to help antidepressants work better.
St. John's wort is an herb sold without prescription. It may help some people with mild depression. However, it could change the way other medicines work in the body, such as antidepressants and birth control pills. Talk to your doctor before trying this herb.
CHANGES drugs
Sometimes the medications you are taking for another health problem may cause or worsen depression. Talk to your doctor about all medicines you take. Your doctor may recommend that you change your dose or switch to another drug. Never stop taking your medication without first talking to your doctor o.
Women treat depression, who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy does not stop antidepressants without first talking to their doctors.
Talk therapy
Talk therapy is the board to talk about your feelings and thoughts and helps you learn to handle them.
Types of psychotherapy include:
• Cognitive behavioral therapy teaches you to push the negative thoughts. You learn to be more aware of their symptoms and how to detect things that make your depression worse. You will also learn to solve problems.
• Psychotherapy can help you understand the problems that can hide behind your thoughts and feelings.
• join the support group for people who share their problems, how you can help. Ask your therapist or a doctor's recommendation.
Other treatments for depression
• The electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for severe depression, and it is generally safe. ECT may improve mood in patients with severe depression or suicidal thoughts does not get better with other treatments. It can also help treat depression in those psychoticsymptoms.
• Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) uses energy pulses to stimulate nerve cells in the brain that thinks that affect mood. There is some research that suggests that it may help relieve depression.
• The light treatment can relieve the symptoms of winter depression. However, generally not considered first-line treatment.
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